I tredici paesi piu' corrotti della UE

These are the 13 most corrupt countries in Europe

Thomas Chenel and Qayyah Moynihan ,

Business Insider France

Feb 13, 2019, 6:21 PM Orava castle in Oravsky Podzamok in Slovakia.

Slovakia was among some of the more corrupt countries in Europe.

Shutterstock

Generally, European nations tend not to experience high levels of corruption when compared with nations in other parts of the world.
While EU member states enjoy relatively low levels of corruption, there's still a surprisingly varied level of corruption from one European nation to another.
The anti-corruption nongovernmental organization Transparency International has compiled a Corruption Perceptions Index using 13 surveys and expert assessments to give countries "corruption scores."

According to Transparency International, a global anti-corruption nongovernmental organization, the European Union is one of the least corrupt areas in the world.

But while it may well be the case that Europe experiences low levels of corruption relative to the rest of the world, there's still room for improvement, as well as considerable disparity in corruption levels from one nation to the next.

The organization has put together another edition of its annual Corruption Perceptions Index, drawing on 13 surveys and expert assessments to measure public-sector corruption in 180 countries and territories. Each country is given a score from zero (highly corrupt) to 100 (very clean).

Countries with high levels of corruption can be dangerous spots for political opponents — practically all countries where political killings are ordered or condoned by the government are rated as highly corrupt on the CPI, according to the organization.

Below are the 13 most corrupt countries in the European Union, according to Transparency International's Corruption Perceptions Index.

T11. Cyprus — 59 points

Cyprus island, Mediterranean Sea.

Shutterstock

Cyprus gained 2 points in the ranking from 57 points the previous year, improving on its score in the index.

T11. Czech Republic — 59 points

Scenic spring sunset aerial view of the Old Town pier architecture and Charles Bridge over Vltava river in Prague, Czech Republic. — Prague, Czech Republic.

The Czech Republic improved from 57 points last year, gaining 2 points.

The nation was listed by Transparency International as one of the "countries to watch."

T11. Lithuania — 59 points

Lithuania hasn't budged from its position in the previous year, staying at 59 points.

T9. Latvia — 58 Points

Like Lithuania, Latvia hasn't improved or worsened compared with the previous year, remaining at 58 points.

T9. Spain — 58 points

seville cathedral of saint mary of the See unsplash Henrique Ferreira — Seville, Spain.

Since the previous edition of the index, Spain has improved by 1 point from 57 in the previous year.

8. Malta — 54 points

View from above of the golden domes of churches and roofs with church of Our Lady of Mount Carmel and St. Paul's Anglican Pro-Cathedral, Valletta, Capital city of Malta. — Valletta, Malta.

Malta was listed as a "decliner" in the index, losing 2 points from the previous year.

7. Italy — 52 points

After gaining 2 points, Italy has improved since the previous index was released.

6. Slovakia — 50 points

Since last year, Slovakia hasn't shifted.

It scored 50 points again, showing no signs of improvement or decline.

5. Croatia — 48 points

Croatia's score in the corruption perceptions index worsened by one point.

4. Romania — 47 points

Sighisoara transylvania romania — Sighisoara, Romania.

In this edition of the index, Romania's score in the corruption perceptions index worsened by one point compared with the previous year.

3. Hungary — 46 points

Though Hungary has improved in its score to 46 points from 45 points, it's still relatively high on the index compared with other European countries.

2. Greece — 45 points

While Greece scored 48 points in the previous index, the results of the most recent edition suggest it has worsened in terms of its corruption perceptions.

1. Bulgaria — 42 points

Veliko Tarnovo, Bulgaria, — Veliko Tarnovo, Bulgaria.

Considering Bulgaria is already at the top of the European Union countries in the index, it's bad news that the nation has worsened by one point compared with the previous year.

Read the original article on Business Insider France. Copyright 2019.

This post has been translated from French.

La correlazione tra reddito pro capite e indice di corruzione

Korruption im weltweiten Vergleich

Der deutsche Professor für Wirtschaftstheorie, Johann Graf Lambsdorff entwickelte 1995 an der Universität Passau den "Corruption Perceptions Index", also frei übersetzt einen "Korruptionswahrnehmungsindex". Korruption kann man allerdings in den wenigsten Fällen messen, denn wenn man etwas misst, hat man davon Kenntnis. Dies würde dem Prinzip widersprechen, dass Korruption per se illegal oder zumindest unethisch ist und daher einer gewissen Geheimhaltung unterliegt.

Grundlage des Korruptionsindexes sind daher Untersuchungen und Befragungen 9 unabhängiger Institutionen. Befragt wurden hierbei sowohl Geschäftsleute als auch Analysten zu 121 Ländern, wie sie einen Korruptionsbestand im öffentlichen Sektor beurteilen. Veröffentlicht wird dieser zusammengesetzte Index jährlich von Transparency International.

Read this page in English

Die hier dargestellte Auswertung basiert auf den Daten für 2020 und listet 121 Länder auf. Auffallend ist, dass sich die Korruption in Nordeuropa sehr in Grenzen hält. So steht auch Deutschland am besseren Ende der Skala auf Platz 9. Das Schlusslicht der Tabelle stellt Südsudan dar.

Internationale Rangliste der Korruption

Auffallend ist, dass die obersten Plätze der Liste von wohlhabenden Ländern belegt werden. Insbesondere europäische Länder, Kanada und die USA werden hier genannt. Am unteren Ende der Rangliste befinden sich überwiegend Schwellen- und Drittweltländer. Um diesen Zusammenhang zu verdeutlichen, gibt eine zusätzliche Spalte Auskunft über das durchschnittliche Jahreseinkommen des jeweiligen Landes.

Platz	Land	Ø Jahreseinkommen	Korruptionsindex
1	Dänemark	57.168 €	12
2	Neuseeland	37.713 €	12
3	Finnland	44.663 €	15
4	Singapur	53.229 €	15
5	Schweden	49.862 €	15
6	Schweiz	76.364 €	15
7	Norwegen	73.694 €	16
8	Niederlande	47.396 €	18
9	Deutschland	43.412 €	20
10	Luxemburg	66.012 €	20
11	Australien	49.218 €	23
12	Kanada	41.411 €	23
13	Hongkong	45.377 €	23
14	Vereinigtes Königreich	37.713 €	23
15	Österreich	45.949 €	24
16	Belgien	42.832 €	24
17	Estland	20.768 €	25
18	Island	65.208 €	25
19	Japan	37.258 €	26
20	Irland	57.258 €	28
21	Frankreich	37.928 €	31
22	Chile	13.408 €	33
23	USA	58.821 €	33
24	Spanien	27.119 €	38
25	Südkorea	30.183 €	39
26	Portugal	20.688 €	39
27	Israel	38.499 €	40
28	Costa Rica	10.451 €	43
29	Polen	13.711 €	44
30	Italien	30.844 €	47
31	Griechenland	17.642 €	50
32	Belarus	5.645 €	53
33	Kroatien	13.390 €	53
34	Bulgarien	8.548 €	56
35	Ungarn	14.739 €	56
36	Rumänien	11.273 €	56
37	Südafrika	5.395 €	56
38	Argentinien	9.942 €	58
39	China	9.281 €	58
40	Indien	1.894 €	60
41	Marokko	2.849 €	60
42	Osttimor	1.804 €	60
43	Türkei	8.656 €	60
44	Kolumbien	5.815 €	61
45	Ecuador	5.440 €	61
46	Brasilien	8.155 €	62
47	Äthiopien	759 €	62
48	Serbien	6.280 €	62
49	Indonesien	3.618 €	63
50	Albanien	4.663 €	64
51	Kosovo	4.163 €	64
52	Thailand	6.485 €	64
53	Vietnam	2.314 €	64
54	Bosnien und Herzegowina	5.511 €	65
55	Mazedonien	5.217 €	65
56	Moldawien	4.091 €	66
57	Philippinen	3.439 €	66
58	Ägypten	2.403 €	67
59	Eswatini	3.278 €	67
60	Nepal	974 €	67
61	Sierra Leone	482 €	67
62	Ukraine	3.010 €	67
63	Sambia	1.277 €	67
64	Niger	536 €	68
65	Bolivien	3.144 €	69
66	Kenia	1.563 €	69
67	Kirgisistan	1.108 €	69
68	Mexiko	8.468 €	69
69	Pakistan	1.259 €	69
70	Aserbaidschan	4.002 €	70
71	Gabun	6.405 €	70
72	Malawi	339 €	70
73	Mali	777 €	70
74	Russland	10.058 €	70
75	Laos	2.296 €	71
76	Mauretanien	1.483 €	71
77	Togo	616 €	71
78	Dominikanische Republik	7.218 €	72
79	Guinea	831 €	72
80	Liberia	518 €	72
81	Myanmar	1.242 €	72
82	Paraguay	4.931 €	72
83	Angola	2.644 €	73
84	Dschibuti	2.957 €	73
85	Papua-Neuguinea	2.456 €	73
86	Uganda	697 €	73
87	Bangladesch	1.733 €	74
88	Zentralafrika	464 €	74
89	Usbekistan	1.608 €	74
90	Kamerun	1.340 €	75
91	Guatemala	4.118 €	75
92	Iran	4.488 €	75
93	Libanon	6.592 €	75
94	Madagaskar	464 €	75
95	Mosambik	438 €	75
96	Nigeria	1.813 €	75
97	Tadschikistan	920 €	75
98	Honduras	2.135 €	76
99	Simbabwe	1.242 €	76
100	Nicaragua	1.688 €	78
101	Kambodscha	1.367 €	79
102	Tschad	625 €	79
103	Komoren	1.251 €	79
104	Eritrea	431 €	79
105	Irak	5.127 €	79
106	Afghanistan	473 €	81
107	Burundi	250 €	81
108	Kongo	1.536 €	81
109	Guinea-Bissau	732 €	81
110	Turkmenistan	5.707 €	81
111	Kongo (Dem. Rep.)	473 €	82
112	Haiti	1.188 €	82
113	Nordkorea	n/a	82
114	Libyen	6.824 €	83
115	Äquatorialguinea	5.770 €	84
116	Sudan	527 €	84
117	Venezuela	9.846 €	85
118	Jemen	796 €	85
119	Syrien	1.328 €	86
120	Somalia	n/a	88
121	Südsudan	416 €	88

Gute und böse Länder

Eine Interpretation der Rangliste sollte nicht dazu führen, einzelne Länder in gutartig und bösartig zu unterteilen. Sie stellt stattdessen eher die Akzeptanz eines Rechtsstaates und die Angst vor Strafen innerhalb des jeweiligen Landes dar. Transparency International beklagt ebenso, dass zahlreiche "saubere Staaten" zwar in ihrem eigenen Land ein vorbildliches Verhalten zeigen, dafür aber in anderen Ländern oftmals mit Korruption in Verbindung stehen. So steht z.B. Schweden auf Platz 5, der teil-staatlichen Firma TeliaSonera wirft man aber vor, in Usbekistan Schmiergelder in Millionenhöhe bezahlt zu haben. Ähnliche Verhaltensweisen werden auch der Hälfte aller OECD-Staaten vorgeworfen. Die Mitglieder der OECD decken sich übrigens bis auf einige wenige Länder in Südost-Europa überraschend mit dem oberen Viertel der Korruptionsrangliste.

Folgen der Korruption im öffentlichen Sektor

Korruption ist nicht nur deshalb schlecht, weil sie einzelne Bevölkerungsgruppen auf unfaire Art benachteiligt. Das Hauptproblem stellt sich im wirtschaftspolitischen Zusammenhang viel deutlicher dar: Wenn Geld für persönliche Beziehungen oder Gefälligkeiten den Besitzer wechselt, dann steht es für nötige Ausgaben nicht mehr zur Verfügung. Am Beispiel von Schulen, Kindergärten oder Krankenhäusern wird besonders deutlich. Ausrüster sind in der Regel öffentliche Einrichtungen wie Landes- oder Stadtverwaltungen. Fließt das Geld unkontrolliert in andere Kanäle ab, so hat die Allgemeinheit darunter zu leiden. Streng betrachtet bleibt auch Schmiergeld im Wirtschaftskreislauf - aber nötige Ausgaben können davon nicht mehr getätigt werden. Als indirekte Folge sinkt die Wirtschaftleistung und die Inflation steigt an.

Durchschnittliches Einkommen weltweitEine Rangliste der Jahreseinkommen aus 80 Ländern im Vergleich zu Deutschland

Korruption in DeutschlandLage und Entwicklung der Korruption in Deutschland im weltweiten Vergleich

Liste der berüchtigsten Steueroasen weltweitSteueroasen ziehen das Geld magisch an und verstecken es vor den Finanzämtern. Auch mitten in Europa.

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La corruzione nella democrazia cristiana tedesca e' rimasta la stessa dell'ex cancelliere Kohl, l'unico uomo nella storia che in una sola vita scazzo' due unioni monetarie

COVID corruption scandal hounds Angela Merkel's CDU/CSU

Germany's latest political scandal is directly tied to the coronavirus pandemic: Two conservative politicians received kickbacks for brokering mask deals. For their parties, the timing could scarcely be worse.

Two politicians are accused of receiving six-figure kickbacks after recommending manufacturers of facemasks to the federal government

The scandal engulfing Angela Merkel's conservative bloc comes at an unfortunate time for the Christian Democrats (CDU): On Sunday, state elections will take place in Baden-Württemberg and Rhineland-Palatinate.

The Bundestag members Nikolas Löbel, of the CDU, and Georg Nüsslein, of the allied Bavarian Christian Social Union (CSU), have both resigned from their respective parties. after being accused of receiving six-figure kickbacks for recommending manufacturers of masks to the federal government or of brokering business between companies as part of the drive to acquire more masks.

Roughly a year ago, early in the pandemic, masks were in short supply and at a premium — prices went through the roof briefly. At this point, there was quick money to be made on the back of a crisis. German prosecutors are investigating both politicians.

Löbel said he should have conducted his "commercial dealings with greater sensitivity"

Löbel, from Mannheim, quit the CDU and also gave up his seat in the Bundestag. Speaking to the conservative daily Die Welt, he admitted to having made an error.

"As a member of the Bundestag, and particularly in the specific backdrop of the pandemic, I should have conducted my commercial dealings with greater sensitivity," Löbel said. He is suspected of having received €250,000 ($297,000) in kickbacks.

But Nüsslein is adopting a different take on things. He has quit Bavaria's CSU parliamentary party while saying he intends to retain his seat as an independent for now, to the fury of some CSU colleagues.

Markus Blume, the general secretary of the CSU, told ARD television that he was relieved by Nüsslein's quitting: "This step was unavoidable, also to limit the damage on the party itself."

Watch video 02:16

German politicians accused of benefiting from COVID-19

Greens keep the pressure on

The opposition does not seem satisfied by the two parliamentarians falling on their swords. For the Green party co-chair Robert Habeck, the scandal's tied to the 15 long years in power for the CDU/CSU led by Angela Merkel. For Habeck, especially a year ago with the pandemic ramping up, CDU Health Minister Jens Spahn was the first port of call for many companies thinking they could help.

And, of course, conservative politicians tend to have a better line for business contacts than politicians of other stripes.

"Secondly, though, there is simply a particular closeness to economic activity and a lacking conscience on whether financial transactions are perhaps not appropriate," Habeck said.

The mask scandal does hark back, among other things, to the difficulties faced by the CDU parliamentarian Philipp Amthor. Up until May 2019, he was active for Augustus Intelligence, lobbying CDU Economy Minister Peter Altmaier and other politicians on the US company's behalf.

The 29-year-old politician initially insisted that he'd been paid no salary. But gradually, he had to concede that, yes, he had received stock options in the company worth up to $250,000. He also accepted help with travel expenses.

Despite the reports, Amthor was appointed the top candidate for the CDU in the state of Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania.

Philipp Amthor speaking in the Bundestag

Amthor is the top CDU candidate in Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania

Combating corruption

The Social Democrats (SPD) have also weighed in with demands for conservative rivals and coalition allies.

"It must be incumbent on all democrats that greed and cronyism are given no chance in our parliament," SPD party co-chair Norbert Walter-Borjans said.

A transparency or lobbying register should help in the future to shed more light on the shadier areas where politics and business collide. Fundamentally, after a long period of arguing over the specifics, the CDU/CSU and the SPD now agree on this plan.

In the future, lobbyists will be required to sign a log and to give details on their employers or the companies that commissioned them. This will also apply to lobbyists seeking to influence ministries or the federal government. Previously, this extra step had faced resistance and was not included in an earlier draft of the plan.

The anti-corruption NGO Transparency International demands that certain forms of lobbying be outlawed altogether.

"The rules of procedure in the Bundestag need to be expanded and need to explicitly sanction certain forms of lobbying, as in the cases of Nüsslein and Löbel," Transparency's chairman in Germany, Hartmut Bäumer, told Funke Mediengruppe newspapers.

And the pro-business Free Democrats are not satisfied with these proposals. Party leader Christian Lindner is calling for an independent person to investigate the reports.

"A special investigator, so a former judge, should check behind the scenes whether everything that happened was legal — with access to the case files," Lindner told ARD. "Only after that should they inform us, and then the public."

The conservatives might have to brace themselves for further losses in Sunday's regional elections as a result of the scandals.

The increasing dissatisfaction with the government's pandemic handling, not least the slower start to vaccinating, had already led to losses for the CDU in recent weeks in two of Germany's most significant states.

This article has been translated from German.

While you're here: Starting on March 16 DW editors will round-up for you what is happening in German politics and society, with an eye toward understanding this year’s elections and beyond. Sign up here for the weekly e-mail newsletter "Berlin Briefing," to stay on top of developments as Germany enters the post-Merkel era.

Quando ad essere corrotti sono dei tedeschi, si tratta solo di 'gravi violazioni' di standard etici

Germany

German mask scandal: 'Unforgivable violations of ethical standards'

Andreas Nick, a prominent member of Germany's ruling CDU party, has strongly criticized the two conservative politicians at the heart of a damaging mask procurement scandal on DW's Conflict Zone.

Watch video 26:00

Andreas Nick on Conflict Zone

Two conservative German politicians are being investigated and have resigned from their respective parties, as part of a growing political scandal over business deals related to the procurement of face masks.

Nikolas Löbel, a now former MP for Angela Merkel’s Christian Democrats (CDU) party, bowed to pressure after revelations that his company earned commissions of about €250,000 ($300,000) for brokering sales contracts, while Georg Nüsslein, from the CSU, the CDU’s Bavarian sister party, faces accusations he received €660,000 to lobby for a mask supplier.

Reacting to the political storm, prominent conservative MP Andreas Nick told DW’s Conflict Zone that these cases are "totally unacceptable" and will require politicians to "clean up where there are unforgivable violations of ethical standards."

"We need to go through a very clear process of making sure that compliance with ethical standards is ensured," he said.

Nick, a member of the CDU, stressed that these are "individual cases" and that they shouldn’t be used "in a demagogue fashion to discredit parliamentarians and politicians who serve the public to its best interests."

The scandal threatens to badly affect trust in the CDU ahead of two regional elections that will take place this weekend.

And it adds to already existing problems around Germany’s comparatively slow vaccination program, which has been described as a "debacle" and a "COVID nightmare."

'Patience is running out'

Talking to Tim Sebastian from the city of Bonn, Nick acknowledged that "patience is running out with people who have been exposed to lockdown policies for quite some time."

He also said that "some of the expectations have probably been unrealistic," but added he is confident that Germany will improve.

"I have always taken the view if by mid-year 2021 we would have universal vaccination, this would be a very good result and I'm pretty convinced we will get there," he said.

Watch video 02:27

Germany's new reopening strategy gets cautious approval

Nick specifically mentioned the fact that family doctors will be allowed to offer coronavirus vaccinations in Germany from April onwards, which is seen as a way to boost Germany’s lagging program.

So far, only around 7% of Germany’s population has received a first jab, which is less than other countries like the US, the UK and Israel, as well as other members of the EU.

Nord Stream 2 pipeline

Host Tim Sebastian also pressed Andreas Nick on another controversial issue, the nearly completed Nord Stream 2 pipeline, which is set to double Russian gas shipments to Germany and has faced considerable opposition from the US and eastern European countries, among others.

Part of the criticism refers to the fact that business is being made with Russia at a time when, as Sebastian put it, "Russia shows sharply declining respect for human rights."

Nick did admit that Nord Stream 2 "has been critically viewed by some in Germany for many years," but he said the project should be completed, arguing that it wouldn’t be an "adequate strategy" to stop it unilaterally at this stage.

Watch video 04:36

Germany: Conflicts over Nord Stream 2 reignited

The CDU politician added that "negative developments" in Russia, including the recent detention of opposition leader Alexei Navalny, would have to be dealt with "in the appropriate multilateral formats."

Nick also stressed that Germany should not be "singled out" for its relations with Russia and that there should be "a very honest debate" that includes other countries in the EU and the Western alliance.

"If the whole of Central Eastern Europe buys energy from Russia, if the United States buys crude oil for 30 billion dollars a year in Russia, I cannot explain to my electorate why Germany should be treated differently from anybody else," he concluded.

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